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公开来源文字与原创综合已审阅。请保留正文中的出处与限制；不代表全库最终验收、实际演奏或学习效果验证。

Public-source text and original synthesis reviewed. Keep the evidence and limitations stated in the text in view. This is not final corpus acceptance or validation of performance or learning outcomes.

公開來源第 13 批：記譜與工作流程 / Public batch 13: Notation and workflow ​

六篇指定公開文章完整正文深讀；保留原始 ID、中文標題、網址。補充只讀原作者／官方文件，不讀付費內容。
Read the full bodies of six assigned public articles, preserving IDs, Chinese titles, and URLs. Supplements use only original-author/official documentation; no paid content.

閱讀與執行狀態 / Reading and execution status ​

  • assigned_sources: 6
  • public_page_texts_reviewed: 6
  • full_article_texts_reviewed: 6
  • intro_only_pages: 0
  • audio_reviews: 0
  • video_reviews: 0
  • image_reviews: 0
  • interactive_executions: 0
  • assigned_linked_page_reviews: 0
  • supplementary_evidence_records: 6

整合規則 / Integration rules ​

  • JSON 與 Markdown 是同一成果的兩種格式，不重複計為研究。英文標題為編輯翻譯；日期與字數是網頁標示，行號只定位本次擷取。
    JSON and Markdown are alternative formats of one deliverable, not separate research. English titles are editorial translations; dates/lengths are page labels, and line numbers locate this extraction only.
  • 作者自己的教學是一手說明，不是效果試驗。文章正文已讀不代表影片、圖片、音訊、軟體或查詢器已看、已聽或已執行。
    The author’s teaching is primary exposition, not an efficacy trial. Reading an article does not mean reviewing its video, images, or audio, or running software or a lookup tool.
  • 每來源合計中文漢字與英數詞元，含中英標題、摘要、用途、證據型態、範圍、限制；均無逐字正文引用。補充來源另計；原創事件、計算與教學指令不是原文練習重製。
    Per-source budgets combine CJK characters and alphanumeric tokens, including both titles, summaries, roles, evidence type, coverage, and limits, with no verbatim body quotations. Supplements are separately counted; original events, calculations, and teaching instructions do not reproduce source exercises.
  • 只需紙筆與可選原聲鋼琴；不需麥克風、MIDI 鍵盤、帳號、購買、安裝或下載可執行檔。不複製受版權保護樂譜，不上傳來源或使用者資料。
    Only paper and optional acoustic piano are needed: no microphone, MIDI keyboard, account, purchase, installation, or executable download. No copyrighted scores are copied and no source/user material is uploaded.
  • 所有例子是本批新設計。先預測再彈；已列答案是公開校對，不算未見材料遷移測驗。無需產生鮮明內在聲音，也不保證改善內聽、識譜或演奏。
    All examples are newly designed here. Predict before playing; disclosed answers are checks, not unseen transfer tests. Vivid inner sound is not required, and improved audiation, reading, or playing is not guaranteed.
  • 如有不適、緊張或無法輕鬆定位，停下改做紙上指認。無需撐開手、敲重音或追逐更快速度；所有指法只是可換的編輯建議。
    If uncomfortable, tense, or unable to locate keys easily, stop and use paper identification. No stretching, forceful accents, or speed chasing is required; fingerings are optional editorial suggestions.

補充核實 / Supplementary verification ​

    • supplement_id: SUP-TEMPO

    • title: Tempo markings — MuseScore Studio Handbook

    • url: https://handbook.musescore.org/text/tempo-markings

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 5–24

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: 節拍器標示須含音符單位與數字；手冊另把播放面板的 BPM 定義為每分鐘四分音符，不能混成所有音樂的拍單位。
      Metronome marks require a note unit and number. The handbook separately defines playback-panel BPM as quarter notes per minute; do not equate that software unit with every musical beat.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 92

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

    • supplement_id: SUP-MIDI-EVENT

    • title: About MIDI-Part 3:MIDI Messages — MIDI Association

    • url: https://midi.org/about-midi-part-3midi-messages

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 48–74

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: 音符開與關是不同事件；音符開含鍵號和 velocity，音源通常用後者控制振幅。此欄不是麥克風量得的原聲鋼琴音量。
      Note On and Note Off are separate events. Note On carries key number and velocity, normally used by a synthesizer to control amplitude. That field is not a microphone measurement of acoustic-piano loudness.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 168

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact
        • sources[1].original_application.steps[3] (conservative full-step count)

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

    • supplement_id: SUP-MUSICXML

    • title: The MIDI-Compatible Part of MusicXML — MusicXML 4.0

    • url: https://www.w3.org/2021/06/musicxml40/tutorial/midi-compatible-part/

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 54–55; 86–119

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: MIDI 音高是數字；MusicXML 另分字母、變音、八度及記譜／發聲資料。事件不足以恢復完整譜面是編輯推論。
      MIDI pitch is numeric; MusicXML separates step, alteration, octave, and notation/sound data. Insufficient events for complete notation is an editorial inference.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 165

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact
        • sources[1].original_application.steps[2] (conservative full-step count)

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

    • supplement_id: SUP-SMUDE

    • title: Smude - Sheet Music Dewarping — sonovice

    • url: https://github.com/sonovice/smude

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 206–213; 232–284

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: 專案輸出二值化、幾何校正圖片，不是已核實音符／時值。未下載模型、安裝或測試。
      The project outputs binarized, rectified images, not verified pitches/durations. No model download, installation, or testing occurred.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 156

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact
        • sources[3].original_application.steps[3] (conservative full-step count)

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

    • supplement_id: SUP-TRANSPOSITION

    • title: Transposition — MuseScore Studio Handbook

    • url: https://handbook.musescore.org/notation/pitch/transposition

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 57–76

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: 分開記譜與發聲；降 B 單簧管實際低大二度。切換顯示不等於改寫音高；未測軟體。
      Distinguish written/sounding pitch; B-flat clarinet sounds a major second lower. Display changes are not pitch rewrites; software untested.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 160

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact
        • sources[5].original_application.steps[3] (conservative full-step count)

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

    • supplement_id: SUP-OTTAVA

    • title: Octave lines — MuseScore Studio Handbook

    • url: https://handbook.musescore.org/notation/pitch/octave-lines

    • reviewed_sections_lines: 3–11

    • coverage: 指定文字；未執行。
      Selected text; not executed.

    • verified_fact: 八度線只在其指定段落改變記譜到發聲的八度映射；上方 8va 表示高八度。它不同於樂器本身的固定移調。
      An octave line changes written-to-sounding octave mapping over its marked span; an upper 8va indicates one octave higher. It differs from an instrument’s fixed transposition.

    • source_derived_budget:

      • limit_units: 200

      • conservative_combined_units: 174

      • counted_fields:

        • title
        • coverage
        • verified_fact
        • sources[5].original_application.steps[1] (conservative full-step count)

      • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

      • aggregation_note: 含明列重述；原創數據與計算另列。
        Includes listed repetitions; original data/calculations are separate.

編輯護欄 / Editorial guardrails ​

    • topic: 三層速度欄
      Three tempo fields

    • clarification: 分別記下譜面標示、以拍單位明示的暫定演奏目標、以及今天可控的練習速度。未見到作品譜面時，不替作品定「正確 BPM」。強弱與節奏另欄，不因加強就加速。
      Record the score marking, a provisional performance target with explicit beat unit, and today’s controllable practice tempo separately. Without the actual score, do not assign a work its “correct BPM.” Keep dynamics and rhythm separate; stronger does not mean faster.

    • basis: 本批的編輯流程，不是作者原話或使用者評量。
      Editorial workflow, not a source quotation or user assessment.

    • topic: 時間、發聲與預測
      Timing, sound, and prediction

    • clarification: 各卡時值與秒數指預定起音／放鍵，不是原聲鋼琴聲音必在放鍵瞬間完全消失。預備拍不計入卡的秒數；不以手機計時精度考核初學者。
      Card durations and seconds specify scheduled attacks/releases, not guaranteed instant acoustic silence at release. Count-ins are excluded; beginners are not assessed against phone-timer precision.

    • basis: 操作性定義與測量限制。
      Operational definitions and measurement limits.

    • topic: 譜面缺口不能由熟悉旋律補齊
      Do not fill score gaps from a familiar melody

    • clarification: 先保存譜號、調號、拍號、音符位置與變音記號的可見證據，再決定鍵位。辨識／匯入結果與人工修訂分開留存，不能讓預期旋律掩蓋缺失資料。
      Preserve visible evidence for clef, key, meter, note position, and accidentals before assigning keys. Keep recognition/import output separate from human corrections; an expected melody must not conceal missing data.

    • basis: 證據管理規則；本批未辨識任何真實譜面。
      Evidence-management rule; no actual score recognition occurred.

    • topic: 詞義與情境
      Terminology and context

    • clarification: 原創詞卡是供本練習使用的操作性釋義，並非查詢器回傳紀錄；對罕見語境、編輯記號或模糊範圍須另查來源。
      Original term cards give operational meanings for these exercises, not recorded lookup outputs. Unusual contexts, editorial markings, and unclear spans need separate source checking.

    • basis: 不把未執行工具說成已驗證。
      Do not describe an unexecuted tool as verified.

共用定位與記錄 / Shared orientation and recording ​

  • key_and_finger_reference:

    • RH＝右手，LH＝左手。兩手指號皆為 1 拇指、2 食指、3 中指、4 無名指、5 小指；本批只要求右手單音，左手休息。
      RH means right hand; LH means left hand. Both hands number thumb 1, index 2, middle 3, ring 4, little finger 5. These cards use RH single notes with LH resting.
    • 本批 C4＝中央 C。標準 88 鍵鋼琴從左數第 4 個 C 是 C4；每個 C 都是兩黑鍵組左邊緊鄰的白鍵。若鍵盤不是 88 鍵或定位不確定，請教師確認中央 C，不猜八度。
      Here C4 means middle C. On a standard 88-key piano, the fourth C from the left is C4; each C is the white key immediately left of a two-black-key group. For another keyboard size or uncertain orientation, ask a teacher to identify middle C instead of guessing its octave.
    • 從 C4 向右的相鄰白鍵依次 D4、E4、F4、G4、A4、B4、C5；C5 比 C4 高一個八度。D5、E5 是 C5 右方第一、第二個白鍵。
      Successive white keys to the right of C4 are D4,E4,F4,G4,A4,B4,C5; C5 is one octave above C4. D5 and E5 are the first and second white keys to the right of C5.
    • C♯4／D♭4 是 C4 與 D4 中間的同一黑鍵；F♯4 是 F4 與 G4 中間的黑鍵，也是該三黑鍵組最左鍵。F♯5 是高一八度、F5 與 G5 中間的黑鍵。
      C-sharp4/D-flat4 is the same black key between C4 and D4. F-sharp4 is the black key between F4 and G4, the leftmost of that three-black-key group. F-sharp5 is one octave higher, between F5 and G5.
    • p＝輕聲（soft）；mp＝中弱（moderately soft）。兩者是相對音樂指示，不是固定分貝或手指力量；本批只做舒適、溫和對比。四分音符是一拍的單位僅在本批明訂的速度卡中成立。
      p means soft; mp means moderately soft. These are relative musical instructions, not fixed decibels or finger force; use only comfortable, gentle contrasts here. The quarter note is the beat unit only where these cards explicitly specify it.

  • prediction_record: 逐次記：可見資料 → 我的預測（音高方向／拍點／強弱）→ 可選琴鍵核對 → 哪一欄要修正。聽不到內在聲音時仍可完成符號與鍵位步驟。
    Record visible data → my prediction (pitch direction/pulse/dynamics) → optional keyboard check → field to revise. Symbol/key steps remain possible without an audible inner image.

WEB-9630e372c57e — 要怎麼知道一首曲子應該彈多快？ ​

How fast should a piece be played?

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2023-03-13

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 1888

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 30–77
    • extraction_total_lines: 91
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: 速度詞傳達性格，非唯一節拍器數字；演奏版本會不同。
    Tempo words convey character, not a unique metronome number; performances differ.

  • content_role: 建立速度判讀。
    Build tempo interpretation.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 52–75
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 主觀選速不代表可忽略譜上明確標示。
    Personal choice does not license ignoring explicit score markings.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 112

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 八拍不是八個起音
      Eight beats are not eight attacks

    • priority: 先會辨認中央 C 與四分、二分音符；目標是分開拍單位、速度與強弱。
      First identify middle C and quarter/half notes; separate beat unit, tempo, and dynamics.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-TEMPO

    • data_card:

      • meter: 4/4

      • key_signature: 無升降號；全為自然音。
        No sharps/flats; all notes natural.

      • register: C4 是中央 C；本卡到 G4。
        C4 is middle C; this card reaches G4.

      • practice_tempos:

          • beat_unit: quarter
          • bpm: 48
          • beat_unit: quarter
          • bpm: 60

      • performance_target: 未設定；48 與 60 都是本練習比較用速度，非任何原曲的標準。
        Unspecified; 48 and 60 are comparison practice tempi, not standards for any repertoire.

      • measures:

          • number: 1
          • RH:
              • pitch: C4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 1
              • pitch: D4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 2
              • pitch: E4
              • quarter_beats: 2
              • finger: 3
          • number: 2
          • RH:
              • pitch: G4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 5
              • pitch: E4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 3
              • pitch: D4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 2
              • pitch: C4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 1

      • LH: 兩小節休止，不彈。
        Rest for both bars.

      • pedal: False

      • release_rule: 每個音在下一個音起音時放開；最後 C4 一拍後放開，不加停留。
        Release each note at the next attack; release the last C4 after one beat, without a hold.

      • dynamics_plan: 第一次比較速度時全段輕而舒適。第二次固定四分音符＝48，第 1 小節 p、第 2 小節 mp；是本卡編輯指定，不是原曲指示。
        Keep a quiet comfortable level during the tempo comparison. Then fix quarter note = 48, bar 1 p and bar 2 mp; these are editorial instructions for this card, not repertoire markings.

    • steps:

      • 先不彈：數兩小節的 1、2、3、4，只在第 1 小節的 E4 上數兩拍；預測 48 與 60 哪個整段較長，並寫出預期輪廓。內在聽不到也可用高低箭頭。
        Before playing, count 1,2,3,4 in each bar, counting two beats on bar 1 E4 only. Predict which tempo lasts longer and write the contour; use height arrows if no inner sound occurs.
      • 先以四分音符＝48 右手單獨試一次；全程輕聲，不用踏板。只有舒適且音與拍可追蹤時才比較四分音符＝60；否則只在紙上算。
        Try right hand alone at quarter note = 48, quietly and without pedal. Compare quarter note = 60 only if comfortable and notes/pulse remain trackable; otherwise calculate on paper.
      • 公開核對：共有 8 個四分音符拍、7 次起音；不含預備拍，48 時共 10 秒，60 時共 8 秒。拍速改變不改相對時值，E4 仍占兩拍。
        Disclosed check: eight quarter-note beats and seven attacks; excluding count-in, 10 seconds at 48 and 8 seconds at 60. Tempo changes do not change relative durations: E4 still occupies two beats.
      • 回到四分音符＝48，再依卡上的 p→mp 比較兩小節。只改相對強弱，不加速；記下能否保持拍點，不把大聲當成演奏更好。
        Return to quarter note = 48 and try the specified p-to-mp contrast. Change relative dynamics, not speed. Note whether the pulse remains trackable; louder does not mean better playing.

    • completion_check: 能說清 8 拍／7 起音，並把練習速度、未定演奏目標與強弱記成不同欄。這不是能力測驗。
      Explain eight beats/seven attacks and record practice tempo, unspecified performance target, and dynamics separately. This is not an ability test.

WEB-fe500497f985 — MIDI 檔案好讚：教你偷窺音樂人的「原始程式碼」！ ​

MIDI files as inspectable musical instructions

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2024-11-07

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 3313

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 42–153
    • extraction_total_lines: 174
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: MIDI 記錄事件而非聲音，可拆軌研究；匯入製譜仍需修整。
    MIDI stores events rather than sound; tracks support inspection, but notation import needs cleanup.

  • content_role: 區分事件與樂譜。
    Separate events from notation.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 49–54; 118–144
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 音源偏好與購買建議不是必要設備或成效證據。
    Sound-source preferences and buying advice establish neither required equipment nor efficacy.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 127

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 事件表知道甚麼、不知道甚麼
      What an event table knows and does not know

    • priority: 只需數拍；先用紙，不需要 MIDI 鍵盤或檔案。
      Counting only; start on paper with no MIDI keyboard or file.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-MIDI-EVENT
      • SUP-MUSICXML

    • data_card:

      • format_scope: 虛構的 MIDI 1.0 風格事件表，不是實際匯出檔；數字是手工指定。
        Invented MIDI 1.0-style event table, not an actual export; numbers are assigned manually.

      • ticks_per_quarter_note: 480

      • tempo:

        • beat_unit: quarter
        • bpm: 60

      • meter_for_editorial_realization: 4/4

      • channel: 1

      • pedal: False

      • pitch_bend: False

      • editorial_key_map:

        • 60: C4 = middle C / 中央 C
        • 61: C♯4 or D♭4 / 中央 C 右方第一個黑鍵 / black key between C4 and D4
        • 62: D4

      • events:

          • note_number: 60
          • on_tick: 0
          • off_tick: 480
          • velocity: 40
          • note_number: 61
          • on_tick: 480
          • off_tick: 1440
          • velocity: 70
          • note_number: 62
          • on_tick: 1440
          • off_tick: 1920
          • velocity: 40

      • optional_piano_realization: 編輯另指定右手 C4 四分、C♯4 二分、D4 四分，指法 1、2、3，四分音符＝60，全段舒適輕聲；左手休止，無踏板。相鄰起音時放前音，末音一拍後放。
        Separately assign RH C4 quarter, C-sharp4 half, D4 quarter, fingers 1,2,3, quarter note = 60, all quietly; LH rests, no pedal. Release at the next attack, and release the final note after one beat.

    • steps:

      • 未彈之前，用 off−on 算每音長度，預測中間音是否最久；再指出三個琴鍵。
        Before playing, subtract on from off for each duration, predict whether the middle event is longest, then locate the three keys.
      • 公開核對：480、960、480 ticks，即 1、2、1 拍；本卡每拍一秒，共四秒。第二個事件的拼寫先保留 C♯／D♭兩種可能。
        Disclosed check: 480,960,480 ticks equal 1,2,1 beats; each beat is one second here, totaling four seconds. Keep both C-sharp/D-flat spellings possible for the second event.
      • 填未知欄：原作者要哪種拼寫、哪個手或指法、版面與教學目的都未提供。卡上的手與拼寫是後加的選擇，不是從事件中讀出的真相。
        Fill the unknowns: the original author’s spelling, hand/fingering, layout, and teaching intent are absent. This card’s hand and spelling are later editorial choices, not facts recovered from the events.
      • 若要彈，只用上述另訂的輕聲版本。不要把 70/40 當成聲壓比例、分貝、p/mf 對照或原聲琴觸鍵力度指令。
        If playing, use only the separately assigned quiet realization. Do not read 70/40 as an acoustic-pressure ratio, decibels, a p/mf mapping, or physical striking-force instructions.

    • completion_check: 能還原此表的時序，同時保留缺少的記譜資訊；沒有由表格推論聲學音量。
      Recover this table’s timing while retaining missing notation information; infer no acoustic loudness from the table.

WEB-e4dbfc923293 — 一篇文章內，快速學會使用 MuseScore 創作樂譜！（2025 年更新） ​

A beginner MuseScore notation guide, updated 2025

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2025-08-15

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 3243

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 45–181; 195–199
    • extraction_total_lines: 207
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: 示範建譜、輸入音符、加記號、播放與匯出。
    Demonstrates score setup, note entry, markings, playback, and export.

  • content_role: 製譜流程參考。
    Notation-workflow reference.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 91–173
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 版本混用的歷史指南；未核現行介面，鍵盤購買非必需。
    Historical guide mixing versions; current UI unverified, hardware purchase unnecessary.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 117

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 先校對紙卡，再考慮製譜
      Proof the paper card before notation software

    • priority: 已會辨認 C4、D4、E4；這一輪不啟動任何程式。
      Identify C4, D4, E4 first; no application is launched in this pass.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-TEMPO

    • data_card:

      • meter: 3/4

      • key_signature: 無升降號。
        No sharps/flats.

      • tempo:

        • beat_unit: quarter
        • bpm: 60

      • RH_staff: 高音譜號；E4 最下線，D4 最下線下方空間，C4 下加一線。
        Treble clef: E4 on the bottom line, D4 in the space immediately below, C4 on the first ledger line below.

      • LH: 每小節整小節休止；無彈奏。
        Full-measure rest in each bar; no playing.

      • pedal: False

      • measures:

          • number: 1
          • dynamic: p
          • RH:
              • pitch: E4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 3
              • pitch: D4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 2
              • pitch: C4
              • quarter_beats: 1
              • finger: 1
          • number: 2
          • dynamic: mp
          • RH:
              • pitch: D4
              • quarter_beats: 2
              • finger: 2
              • rest: True
              • quarter_beats: 1

      • release_rule: 相鄰起音時放前音；第二小節 D4 持兩拍，在第 3 拍開始放開，讓休止有完整一拍。
        Release at adjacent attacks; hold bar 2 D4 for two beats and release at the start of beat 3, allowing a full beat of rest.

    • steps:

      • 依卡上資料手寫兩小節；音高與音值分兩遍校對。先不聽，寫下下降、下降、上升，以及最後一拍不彈的預測。
        Handwrite two bars from the card. Check pitch and duration in separate passes. Before listening, predict down, down, up, followed by a final beat with no new attack and the key released.
      • 公開核對：每小節皆三拍；全段六秒，其中最後一秒為無新音、鍵已放開的休止。把 D4 誤寫成 D5 即使節奏相同也不是同份卡。
        Disclosed check: three beats per bar, six seconds overall; during the final second no new note is played and the key is released. D5 instead of D4 is a pitch error even with identical timing.
      • 舒適時以右手、四分音符＝60 試一次，不追求音量大小；p 與 mp 只做溫和對比。若不舒適，僅指認琴鍵與數休止。
        If comfortable, try RH at quarter note = 60 with only a gentle p/mp contrast. Otherwise locate keys and count the rest without playing.
      • 若日後使用已安裝的製譜軟體，再記實際版本，核對譜號、手、八度、拍數、休止與記號。不要把這份紙卡完成寫成「MuseScore 已驗證」。
        If using already-installed notation software later, record its actual version and check clef, hand, octave, beat totals, rests, and markings. Do not relabel completion of this paper card as “MuseScore verified.”

    • completion_check: 能對照事件、譜位與鍵位；存檔或播放按鈕不是本輪完成條件。
      Connect events, staff positions, and keys; saving or pressing playback is not required.

WEB-1f04f334559a — 如何把歪七扭八的五線譜變得超漂亮？ | NiceSoft 好軟 ​

Straightening photographed staves with Smude

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2022-07-24

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 1840

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 30–115
    • extraction_total_lines: 129
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: 以 Smude 校正譜面照片，並報告模糊、扭曲等失敗情況。
    Uses Smude to rectify score photographs and reports blur/distortion failures.

  • content_role: 影像品質篩查。
    Image-quality triage.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 45–49; 77–115
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 變直不等於音符辨識正確；舊安裝步驟未執行。
    Straightening does not verify note recognition; old installation steps were not executed.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 119

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 先找遺失記號，不替模糊圖猜答案
      Find a missing mark rather than guess an unclear image

    • priority: 紙筆與一小張遮紙即可；不需要照片、掃描器、辨識服務或程式。
      Use pencil, paper, and a small cover sheet; no photo, scanner, recognition service, or app.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-SMUDE

    • data_card:

      • artifact_status: 請現在照規格畫自己的原創紙卡；這裡沒有聲稱存在的掃描件或軟體輸出。
        Draw your own original paper card now from this specification; no scan or software output is claimed to exist.

      • original_spec: 高音譜號，無調號，4/4；右手 D4 四分、E4 四分、F♯4 二分，最後 F 前必寫 ♯；左手整小節休止，四分音符＝48，p，無踏板。只畫不彈。
        Treble clef, no key signature, 4/4; RH D4 quarter, E4 quarter, F-sharp4 half, with an explicit sharp before F; LH whole-measure rest, quarter note = 48, p, no pedal. Draw only; do not play.

      • staff_positions: D4 在最下線下方空間，E4 最下線，F4 第一間；♯改音高、不改符頭譜位。
        D4 is the space just below the bottom line, E4 the bottom line, F4 the first space; the sharp changes pitch, not notehead position.

      • audit_columns: 譜號｜調號｜拍號｜手｜音高與變音｜時值｜速度單位／數字｜強弱｜缺漏／不確定。
        Clef | key signature | meter | hand | pitch/accidental | duration | tempo unit/number | dynamics | missing/uncertain.

    • steps:

      • 按規格畫好後，用小紙只遮住 ♯，保持五線仍清晰筆直。這是人為遮擋示範，不是 Smude 的輸出。
        After drawing, cover only the sharp while leaving the five lines clear and straight. This is a manual occlusion demonstration, not Smude output.
      • 先寫下遮擋版能確認與不能確認的欄，不偷看原規格替缺口作答；已知內容的這次示範不算盲測。
        Record which fields the covered version supports and which remain uncertain; do not fill the gap from the specification. Because its contents are already disclosed, this demonstration is not blind testing.
      • 公開核對：清楚的線條仍不能確定被遮掉的變音。揭開紙片，逐項核對，才把第三音恢復成 F♯4。不要從「圖較漂亮」直接建立音高答案。
        Disclosed check: straight lines cannot establish the covered accidental. Uncover it and verify each field before restoring F-sharp4. A prettier image is not a pitch answer.
      • 遇真正模糊的合法自有譜面時，保留原圖；缺譜號、調號、變音或節奏符號就標記未定，要求更清楚的來源。尚未確認前，不轉成確定的琴鍵練習。
        For an actual unclear, lawfully held score, retain the original. Mark missing clefs, keys, accidentals, or rhythm symbols unresolved and seek a clearer source. Do not turn an unverified reading into definitive key instructions.

    • completion_check: 能拒絕把幾何清晰度當辨識正確率；本卡無辨識率、無處理後圖片。
      Reject geometric clarity as recognition accuracy; this card contains no recognition rate or processed image.

WEB-55ae8b367e87 — 免費、不囉唆的音樂名詞查詢器 ​

A concise bilingual musical-term lookup

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2023-12-25

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 581

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 38–59
    • extraction_total_lines: 76
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: 提供中外文詞彙對照，標明詞庫來自國家教育研究院。
    Offers bilingual term matching and identifies the National Academy for Educational Research as its vocabulary source.

  • content_role: 查詞入口。
    Terminology entry point.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 38–59
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 只讀介紹，未實測查詢；對照詞不決定曲中的奏法。
    Introduction read, queries untested; a translation does not determine performance in context.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 120

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 把詞義變成可檢查的動作
      Turn terminology into checkable actions

    • priority: 先用雙語詞卡，不依賴查詢器一定回傳某個結果。
      Start with a bilingual vocabulary card without assuming any particular lookup result.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-TEMPO

    • data_card:

      • editorial_glossary:

          • term: p / piano
          • meaning: 在音符旁的力度記號：輕聲；不是樂器名稱。
            As a dynamic near notes: softly, not the instrument name.
          • term: cresc. / crescendo
          • meaning: 指定段落逐漸變強，不等於加速。
            Gradually stronger over the marked span, not faster.
          • term: rit. / ritardando
          • meaning: 逐漸放慢；本卡只辨義，不演奏這個變化。
            Gradually slower; identify its meaning only, without performing it here.

      • original_bar: 4/4，無升降號，右手 C4、D4、E4、G4 各一個四分音符，指法 1、2、3、5；C4 是中央 C。左手休止，無踏板，四分音符＝48；C4 起 p，cresc. 至 G4 起音達溫和 mp。
        4/4, no sharps/flats; RH C4,D4,E4,G4, each a quarter note, fingers 1,2,3,5; C4 is middle C. LH rests, no pedal, quarter note = 48; start C4 at p and crescendo to a gentle mp at G4.

      • release_rule: 下一音開始時放前音；G4 一拍後放，不延長。
        Release at the next attack; release G4 after one beat without extending it.

    • steps:

      • 先在紙上預測四次起音何時發生、哪個聲音較輕／較強。沒有清晰內在聲音也可寫出弱→強箭頭；不用證明能在腦中聽見。
        First predict attack times and relative dynamics on paper. If no clear inner sound occurs, use soft-to-strong arrows; no proof of mental hearing is required.
      • 公開核對：起音為 0、1.25、2.5、3.75 秒，最後 5 秒放鍵；只有強弱漸變，不把時間間隔縮短。
        Disclosed check: attacks at 0,1.25,2.5,3.75 seconds; release at 5 seconds. Dynamics change, but attack spacing does not shorten.
      • 舒適時以指定右手版本試一次，聽是否不小心越彈越快；不需增加到強烈音量。如果做不到溫和對比，就只維持輕聲與穩定拍點。
        If comfortable, try the specified RH version once and notice accidental speeding up. No loud playing is needed; if gentle contrast is difficult, keep quiet dynamics and a steady pulse.
      • 把三個詞各寫成「術語／中文義／English meaning／這一段何時做甚麼」。若日後查詢得到多個對照，保留原詞、位置與上下文，不把翻譯單獨當奏法。
        For each term record “term / Chinese meaning / English meaning / what to do where in this passage.” If a later lookup gives multiple matches, retain the original term, placement, and context instead of treating translation alone as a performance instruction.

    • completion_check: 能把 cresc. 與 rit. 分入強弱及速度兩欄，並不把「piano」所有出現都譯成鋼琴。
      Separate cresc. into dynamics and rit. into tempo, and avoid translating every occurrence of “piano” as the instrument.

WEB-5c353cda0794 — 什麼是「移調樂器（Transposing Instrument）」？ ​

What is a transposing instrument?

  • accessed_date_utc: 2026-10-22

  • visible_date: 2026-07-21

  • visible_length_zh_characters: 2183

  • previous_status: indexed_only

  • proposed_status: reviewed_public_article_text_only

  • text_kind: full_public_article

  • coverage:

    • reviewed_text_lines: 30–99
    • extraction_total_lines: 113
    • note: 完整正文；媒體未審。
      Complete body; media unreviewed.

  • reviewed_media:

    • public_page_body_text: True
    • full_public_page_body_text: True
    • article_text: True
    • full_article_text: True
    • documentation_text: False
    • audio: False
    • video: False
    • images: False
    • linked_pages: False
    • interactive_execution: False

  • source_claim_summary: 分開記譜與發聲音高，以音域及同族指法解釋移調慣例。
    Separates written and sounding pitch, explaining transposition through register and family fingering conventions.

  • content_role: 先辨譜的音高系統。
    Identify the pitch system first.

  • evidence_type: 作者教學。
    Author exposition.

  • evidence_anchors:

      • lines: 47–95
      • label: 主題段落
        Topic passages

  • limits: 須確認樂器種類與八度；不能假定所有小號同調。
    Confirm instrument type and octave; not every trumpet has the same transposition.

  • source_derived_budget:

    • limit_words_combined_languages: 200

    • preferred_maximum_units: 170

    • conservative_cjk_character_plus_latin_token_units: 119

    • counted_fields:

      • title_zh
      • title_en_editorial
      • coverage.note
      • source_claim_summary
      • content_role
      • evidence_type
      • evidence_anchors.label
      • limits

    • verbatim_body_quote_words: 0

  • original_application:

    • is_original_editorial_design: True

    • name: 同一個印刷音，不一定同一個鍵
      The same printed pitch need not mean the same key

    • priority: 先辨中央 C、全音與八度；只研究明列的三種情境，不推廣到所有樂器。
      Identify middle C, whole step, and octave first; use only the three stated cases, not all instruments.

    • status: 原創教學設計；未向使用者施測，未播放、錄音或操作軟體。
      Original teaching design; not administered to the user, played, recorded, or executed in software.

    • prerequisite_support_ids:

      • SUP-MUSICXML
      • SUP-TRANSPOSITION
      • SUP-OTTAVA

    • data_card:

      • printed_noteheads:

        • D4
        • F♯4
        • E4

      • C4_reference: 中央 C。
        Middle C.

      • meter: 2/4

      • layout: 三小節，每小節一個四分音符後接四分休止；每次只處理一列情境。
        Three bars, each a quarter note followed by a quarter rest; handle one scenario at a time.

      • tempo:

        • beat_unit: quarter
        • bpm: 48

      • cases:

          • id: A

          • instrument: 原聲鋼琴；無八度線。
            Acoustic piano; no octave line.

          • mapping: 無樂器移調。
            No instrument transposition.

          • id: B

          • instrument: 明確指定降 B 小號的移調分譜；無八度線。
            Explicitly a transposed B-flat trumpet part; no octave line.

          • mapping: 實際比記譜低大二度。
            Sounds a major second below written pitch.

          • id: C

          • instrument: 原聲鋼琴；上方 8va 覆蓋這三音。
            Acoustic piano; upper 8va covers all three notes.

          • mapping: 只有該段高八度。
            One octave higher over this span only.

      • optional_play: 僅在鋼琴模擬各列的實際音，不吹小號。右手每列指法 1、3、2，左手休止，無踏板，輕聲；每音持一拍後放鍵，完整休止一拍。列與列之間停下重新擺手，不連跳八度。
        Use the piano only to represent sounding pitches; no trumpet playing. RH fingering 1,3,2 for each row, LH rests, no pedal, quiet dynamics; hold each note one beat, release, then rest one full beat. Stop and reposition between rows; do not leap continuously between octaves.

    • steps:

      • 先遮住下一步，分別寫出 A、B、C 會對應哪些琴鍵，並標明是哪一種映射在起作用；不要只看到字母就彈。
        Before the next step, write the corresponding keys for A,B,C and identify which mapping applies; do not play solely from the printed letters.
      • 公開核對：A 是 D4–F♯4–E4；B 是 C4–E4–D4；C 是 D5–F♯5–E5。B 的移調屬樂器，C 的移高屬指定八度線；鋼琴沒有因此變成降 B 樂器。
        Disclosed check: A is D4–F-sharp4–E4; B is C4–E4–D4; C is D5–F-sharp5–E5. B uses instrument transposition, C a local octave line; the piano has not become a B-flat instrument.
      • 可先只做 A 與 B 的鍵位指認，再按可選彈法各試一列。每列共六個四分拍，即 7.5 秒；每音一拍，每個休止一拍。
        First locate keys for A and B without playing; optionally try one row at a time as specified. Each row has six quarter-note beats, totaling 7.5 seconds: one beat per note and one per rest.
      • 看到軟體的 concert pitch 顯示時，先查明正在看實際音或移調分譜，再核八度線；不要對已轉成實際音的數值再移一次。本輪沒有軟體操作證據。
        When encountering a concert-pitch display, first establish whether it shows sounding pitches or a transposed part, then check octave lines. Do not transpose values already converted to sounding pitch again. No software operation is evidenced here.

    • completion_check: 分清三種映射，並避免重複移調；對未明示的樂器調性或譜面狀態保留未知。
      Distinguish the three mappings, avoid double transposition, and retain unknown instrument key/display states.

入門路線 / Beginner route ​

建議先做速度卡，再紙上製譜卡與詞卡；MIDI、影像、移調卡作為輸入檢查。每次只選一張，先指認與預測，舒適時才彈，不要求全部一口氣完成。
Start with the tempo card, then paper notation and term cards; use MIDI, image, and transposition cards as input checks. Choose one card at a time, identify and predict first, and play only if comfortable; no all-at-once completion requirement.

存取限制 / Access limits ​

    • url: https://handbook.musescore.org/file-management/working-with-midi-files

    • action: 以公開網頁工具開啟。
      Open using the public web tool.

    • result: 工具回報無法存取；未取得正文，不列為已讀補充。
      Tool reported inaccessible; no body obtained, excluded from reviewed supplements.

    • denied: False

    • uncertain_execution: False

    • status: access_error_no_content

未審媒體 / Unreviewed media ​

若日後授權聽辨或軟體實測，另建立時間戳、版本與觀察紀錄；目前維持文字審閱狀態，不以占位符推論媒體內容。
If listening or software testing is later authorized, create timestamp, version, and observation records separately. Retain text-only status now; do not infer media content from placeholders.

計算核對 / Calculation verification ​

  • status: passed_local_python_assertions
  • checks:
    • 六個 ID、原標題與 URL 完全一致。
      All six IDs, original titles, and URLs match.
    • 時值總和、七次起音、480 ticks 換算與秒數核對通過。
      Duration sums, seven attacks, 480-tick conversion, and time calculations passed.
    • 逐來源雙語預算均不超過 200；未執行聽辨、演奏、製譜或辨識測試。
      Every per-source bilingual budget is at most 200; no listening, playing, notation, or recognition test was run.